Water Electrolyzer System and Method

ABSTRACT

A water electrolyzer comprises a reservoir of water, one or more cells, a source of pulse width modulated direct current electricity, a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a cooling system. Said electrode cells are submerged in said reservoir of water. Said source of pulse width modulated direct current electricity attaches to said positive terminal and said negative terminal of said water electrolyzer. Said electrode cells each comprise a cathode having a positive terminal and an anode having a negative terminal. Said cathode and said anode comprise different materials. Said positive terminal attaches to said electrode cells with one or more positive lines. Said negative terminal attaches to said electrode cells with one or more negative lines. Said cooling system is capable of cooling said reservoir of water. Said water electrolyzer produces and can deliver one or more gases through a fluid connection with an engine.

Applicant hereby states that a basis for special status comprisesgreenhouse gas reduction as well as other “green technologies” as willbe apparent upon reading this application. As is set out infra,Applicant has a working system and method for greenhouse gas reductionwith a water electrolyzer by introducing oxyhydrogen into an engine.Accordingly the Applicant hereby petitions for acceptance into the GreenTechnology Pilot Program.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates generally to a water electrolyzer system andwater electrolysis method for internal combustion engines. The term“electrolyzer” refers to an apparatus capable of decomposing a chemicalcompound by electrolysis. For purposes of this disclosure, said chemicalcompound undergoing electrolysis will be water. It is understood thatgenerally available water (tap water, bottled water, distilled, orsimilar) is not strictly H₂O, but a compound comprising a variety ofelements in addition to hydrogen and oxygen. Nonetheless, “water” isintended to refer to said generally available water which may or may notbe strictly H₂O.

Water is the most abundant compound on the surface of the earth. Thewater molecule is comprised of two hydrogen atoms, one oxygen atom andother trace elements of both positive and negative charges. It is thetrace elements that provide the capacity of water to be a conductor ofelectricity. The electrolysis process is frequently utilized for thegeneration of gases by a decomposition process where electrodes ofopposite charge (comprising a negative charged electrode, or “cathode”,and a positive charged electrode, or “anode”) are immersed in anelectrically conductive electrolyte with an electrical charge runningbetween the electrodes. In one embodiment, opposite current chargecauses the HHO molecule to change its structure where the positivecharged hydrogen atom is off-gassed at the negative charged electrodeand the negative charged oxygen atom is off-gassed at the positivecharged electrode. In one embodiment, elements can recombine to comprisea monoatomic and/or a diatomic hydrogen and/or oxygen compound sometimescalled oxyhydrogen (also known as “hydroxyl”). In one embodiment,oxyhydrogen can comprise a mixture of hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂)gases, typically in a 2:1 molar ratio. In one embodiment, a ratio of 4:1or 5:1 hydrogen:oxygen is required to avoid an oxidizing flame.

Water electrolyzer systems for use in internal combustion engines andother industrial processes are well known. Early pioneers usedelectrolysis to separate and collect the gases for individual use. Mr.Raymond Henes and Mr. William Rhodes (U.S. Pat. No. 3,262,872)(hereafter “Henes”) disclosed the use of a single duct feed system of amixed atomic hydrogen and oxygen as a fuel source. Henes' fuel was usedas a source for welding/torch applications, but demonstrated use ofhydrolysis of water as an energy source.

Likewise, Mr. Yull Brown (U.S. Pat. No. 4,014,777) further explored theelectrolysis process as claimed a new combine gas formed name Brown'sgas. Only later was electrolysis of water explored as a fuel gas. Forexample, Mr. Stanley A. Meyer (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,936,961 and 5,293,857),explored the use of pulsating and electric field to liberate the gasesof hydrogen and oxygen from water to be collected as a fuel gas. Meyerrefers to a fuel cell water capacitor. Further, Meyer concentrated on anelectrical control device to adjust the frequency to facilitate theelectrolysis process.

Naturally, safety of water hydrolysis should be a central concern. Amongthe prior disclosures, most assume the electrolyzer produces a mixed gason a safe, reliable consistent process.

Mr. Bill Ross (U.S. Pat. No. 6,209,493) discloses a system using anelectrolysis cell for generating one or more combustible gases from anelectrolytic solution. Ross discusses many control devices, but does notdisclose the main operating parameters of voltage and current(Amperage). Further, Ross fails to disclose the conductive strength ofelectrolyte and the effects of current draw from direct current sources.As typical of many prior disclosures, current systems have very littlespare amperage capacity. Consequently, overuse of a direct currentsupply can cause severe electrical systems.

In one embodiment, it can be advantageous to control a power sourcecoming into a water electrolyzer. Defining workable parameters on saidpower source is a goal of many prior art examples, but their approachesfall short.

Mr. Harvath (U.S. Pat. No. 3,954,592) discloses an electrical supplymeans to apply pulses of electrical energy between an anode and acathode of one or more cells. Likewise, Mr. John R. Hallenbeck (U.S.Pat. No. 7,762,218) discloses a power source comprising an electrometricnet energy radiator having a frequency between 620 Hertz and 100,000Hertz. Neither Harvath nor Hallenbeck overcome shortcomings regardingmaterials and cooling issues associated with water electrolysis. Asdiscussed infra.

Hallenbeck (see supra) discloses a cell with two electrodes, one made ofnickel oxide-hydroxide and another formed from a metal selected from thegroup consisting of nickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof.Accordingly, cells comprising electrodes of differing materials havebeen disclosed in the prior art. Nonetheless, Hallenbeck falls short inpractice.

First of all, Hallenbeck does not provide a means of preserving acathode during water electrolysis. Use of differing materials for saidtwo electrodes does not preserve a cell during electrolysis. Furtherprovisions must be provided to protect said cells and to operate saidwater electrolyzer in a safe reliable manner, as will be disclosed andclaimed infra.

A side product in many water electrolyzer embodiments is the productionof steam. Dealing with this side effect is an important matter.

Mr. Chou (U.S. Pat. No. 6,740,436) discloses a water cooling system.However Chou's cooling system requires a source of ice water tofunction. This approach leaves much to be desired since ice water iscumbersome and difficult to keep replenished in a motor vehicle.Likewise, Mr. Webster (U.S. Pat. No. 4,344,831) discloses a coolingsystem but does not introduce a means for controlling said coolingsystem when an electrolyte reaches a heat threshold where a steam (orother side effect) will be produced. Mr. Klein (U.S. Pat. No. 6,866,756)discloses a heat sink means for removing an excess heat generated by theelectrolyzer. Said heat sink means leaves much to be desired however.First, it does not respond to heat production within said electrolyzerto the point of cutting off functionality of said electrolyzer when heatgets out of control. Further, it does not sense when steam productionconditions have been reached.

Mr. Huang (U.S. Pat. No. 7,921,831) discloses a heat dissipation unitand one or more filters for separating water vapor. Huang, however, onlyfilters said water vapor it does not prevent it from being producedwithin said water electrolyzer. Accordingly, Huang allows said waterelectrolyzer to reach high temperatures without controlling saidtemperature of said water electrolyzer.

None of these cooling systems present the advantages disclosed in thisapplication infra.

Construction and methods of use of one or more cells within a waterelectrolyzer is a critical matter. Much effort has been spent devising aperfect material combination for said water electrolyzers. Typical ofmany different water electrolyzers, Mr. Mosher (U.S. Pat. No. 4,023,545)discloses a water electrolyzer with electrode cells comprising an anodeand a cathode. However, like many water electrolyzers, Mosher does notprovide different materials for said anode and said cathode.

Cells comprising electrodes of different materials are know as well, butdo not use advantageous material combinations. Hallenbeck (see supra)discloses a cell with two electrodes, one made of nickel oxide-hydroxideand another formed from a metal selected from the group consisting ofnickel, tin, iron, lead, and combinations thereof. Mr. Kucherov (U.S.Pat. No. 5,632,870) discloses an anode and a cathode comprisingdifferent materials; wherein, said cathode comprises a materialconsisting of Ni, Fe, Pd, Pt and Ir. Hallenbeck and Kucherov, however,fall short in practice since neither provides a means of preserving acathode during water electrolysis. In practice, these electrodes undergorapid decay during electrolysis. Further provisions must be provided toprotect said cells and to operate said water electrolyzer in a safereliable manner, as will be disclosed and claimed infra

Prior disclosures fail to disclose a means of maintaining the integrityof an electrolyzer through a longer period of use. Further, they leavemuch to be desired in safely operating an electrolyzer in proximity toan internal combustion engine.

Prior disclosures, when put into practice, have many shortcomings whichthis disclosure seeks to address. Prior embodiments comprise anelectrolysis process which can draw too much current (therebyeliminating efficiency gains), fail to address overheating issues (whichcan damage engines and electrolyzers alike), and can dissolve electrodematerials and wiring (leading to a loss of operation requiring majormaintenance).

Simply put: prior embodiments of water electrolyzers fail to safely andconsistently provide fuel gas for internal combustion engines.Therefore, they fail to provide the benefit of reducing exhaustemissions of greenhouse gases and improving efficiency of internalcombustion engines over long periods of operation. It is thereforedesired to fulfill the promise of electrolysis of water with internalcombustion engines.

None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singularly or incombination, is seen to describe the instant disclosure as claimed.Accordingly, an improved water electrolyzer system and waterelectrolysis method for internal combustion engines would beadvantageous.

SUMMARY

Two water electrolyzer systems and a water electrolysis method forinternal combustion engines are disclosed.

In one embodiment, said water electrolyzer comprises a casing, areservoir of water, one or more electrode cells, a source of pulse widthmodulated direct current electricity, a positive terminal, a negativeterminal, and a cooling system. Said casing holds said reservoir ofwater and said one or more cells. Said electrode cells are submerged insaid reservoir of water. Said reservoir of water comprises anelectrolyte. Said source of pulse width modulated direct currentelectricity comprises a positive current and a negative current. Saidsource of pulse width modulated direct current electricity attaches tosaid water electrolyzer by attaching said positive current to saidpositive terminal and said negative current to said negative terminal ofsaid water electrolyzer. Said electrode cells each comprise a cathodeand an anode. Said cathode comprises a positive charge. Said cathodecomprises a titanium (Ti) metal plate comprising a ruthenium (Ru)coating. Said cathode and said anode are arranged parallel to oneanother with one or more spacers between them. Said one or more spacersare nonconductive. Said positive terminal of said water electrolyzerattaches to said cathodes of said electrode cells with one or morepositive lines. Said negative terminal of said water electrolyzerattaches to said anodes of said electrode cells with one or morenegative lines. Said cooling system is capable of cooling said reservoirof water. Said water electrolyzer produces one or more gases. Said waterelectrolyzer is in fluid connection with an engine. Said waterelectrolyzer is capable of delivering said gases to said engine, and aninlet and an outlet in said casing. A portion of said reservoir of wateris capable of circulating through said cooling system. Said coolingsystem comprises a circulation pump, heat exchanger and a cooling fan.

In another embodiment, said water electrolyzer comprises a casing, areservoir of water, one or more electrode cells, a source of pulse widthmodulated direct current electricity, a positive terminal, a negativeterminal, and a cooling system. Said casing holds said reservoir ofwater and said one or more cells. Said electrode cells are submerged insaid reservoir of water. Said source of pulse width modulated directcurrent electricity comprises a positive current and a negative current.Said source of pulse width modulated direct current electricity attachesto said water electrolyzer by attaching said positive current to saidpositive terminal and said negative current to said negative terminal ofsaid water electrolyzer. Said electrode cells each comprise a cathodeand an anode. Said cathode and said anode comprise different materials.Said positive terminal of said water electrolyzer attaches to saidcathodes of said electrode cells with one or more positive lines. Saidnegative terminal of said water electrolyzer attaches to said anodes ofsaid electrode cells with one or more negative lines. Said coolingsystem is capable of cooling said reservoir of water. Said waterelectrolyzer produces one or more gases. Said water electrolyzer is influid connection with an engine, and said water electrolyzer is capableof delivering said gases to said engine.

Said water electrolysis method comprises submerging one or moreelectrode cells in a reservoir of water within a water electrolyzer;applying a source of pulse width modulated direct current electricity tosaid electrode cells; generating one or more gases within said waterelectrolyzer; attaching said water electrolyzer to an engine with afluid connection; feeding said gases from said water electrolyzer intosaid engine; and, regulating a temperature of said reservoir of waterwith a cooling system. Said water electrolyzer comprises a casing. Saidcasing comprises an airtight vessel. Said water electrolyzer comprises apositive terminal and a negative terminal. Said reservoir of watercomprises an electrolyte. Said source of pulse width modulated directcurrent electricity comprises a positive current and a negative current.Said source of pulse width modulated direct current electricity attachesto said water electrolyzer by attaching said positive current to saidpositive terminal and said negative current to said negative terminal ofsaid water electrolyzer. Said electrode cells each comprise a cathodeand an anode. Said positive terminal of said water electrolyzer attachesto said cathodes of said electrode cells with one or more positivelines. Said negative terminal of said water electrolyzer attaches tosaid anodes of said electrode cells with one or more negative lines.Said cathode and said anode comprise different materials. Said cathodeand said anode are held apart by one or more spacers. Said spacerscomprise a nonconductive material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a flow diagram of a water electrolyzer system andwater electrolysis method for internal combustion engines.

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective front overview of water electrolyzerwith cooling system.

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a perspective side cross-section view and anelevated side cross-section view of water electrolyzer showing interiorportion and one or more electrode cells.

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C illustrate a perspective front view, perspectiverear view and elevated top view of electrode cells.

FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective exploded side view of one of electrodecells.

FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective exploded side view of one of electrodecells with an epoxy coating on first clip and second clip.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Described herein is a water electrolyzer system and water electrolysismethod for internal combustion engines. The following description ispresented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use theinvention as claimed and is provided in the context of the particularexamples discussed below, variations of which will be readily apparentto those skilled in the art. In the interest of clarity, not allfeatures of an actual implementation are described in thisspecification. It will be appreciated that in the development of anysuch actual implementation (as in any development project), designdecisions must be made to achieve the designers' specific goals (e.g.,compliance with system- and business-related constraints), and thatthese goals will vary from one implementation to another. It will alsobe appreciated that such development effort might be complex andtime-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking forthose of ordinary skill in the field of the appropriate art having thebenefit of this disclosure. Accordingly, the claims appended hereto arenot intended to be limited by the disclosed embodiments, but are to beaccorded their widest scope consistent with the principles and featuresdisclosed herein.

FIG. 1 illustrates a flow diagram of a water electrolyzer system andwater electrolysis method for internal combustion engines. In oneembodiment, said water electrolyzer system and water electrolysis methodfor internal combustion engines can comprise a water electrolyzer 100, abattery 102, a PWM 104, a cooling system 106 and a feed line 108. In oneembodiment, water electrolyzer 100 can be capable of decomposing achemical compound by electrolysis. In one embodiment, said chemicalcompound undergoing electrolysis will be water. In one embodiment, saidwater can comprise tap water, bottled water, distilled, deionized water,or similar. The term “water” is not strictly H₂O, but a compoundcomprising a variety of elements in addition to hydrogen and oxygen. Forexample, in one embodiment, water molecules can comprise two hydrogenatoms, one oxygen atom and other trace elements of both positive andnegative charges.

In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 can produce one or more gases110 (not illustrated here). In one embodiment, gases 110 can comprisehydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂). In one embodiment, gases 110 can be sentthrough feed line 108 into an air intake system 112 of an engine 114. Inone embodiment, engine 114 can comprise an internal combustion engine(or “ICE”). In one embodiment, engine 114 can comprise a gas engine, adiesel engine, or similar. In one embodiment, engine 114 can comprise anexhaust system 115 capable of releasing exhaust from engine 114 as iscommon in the art.

In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 can comprise a positiveterminal 116 and a negative terminal 118. In one embodiment, positiveterminal 116 and negative terminal 118 are capable of receiving a wirecarrying a corresponding charge, as is well-known in the art. In oneembodiment, a positive current 117 can be attached to positive terminal116 and a negative current 119 can be attached to negative terminal 118.In one embodiment, PWM 104 can provide positive current 117 and negativecurrent 119 to water electrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, PWM 104 cancomprise a source of pulse width modulated direct current electricity.In one embodiment, PWM 104 is capable of altering a frequency and apulse width modulation of a current in order to keep an average currentat a set point independent of a supply voltage

In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 can comprise a sensor 120 anda controller 122. In one embodiment, sensor 120 is capable of measuringan internal temperature of water electrolyzer 100 and reporting saidinternal measurement to controller 122. In one embodiment, controller122 can send an off signal when said internal measurement reaches athreshold temperature. In one embodiment, said “off signal” fromcontroller 122 can cause current from battery 102 to stop flowing towardwater electrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, controller 122 can engagecooling system 106 to further regulate said internal temperature of saidwater electrolyzer 100.

In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 can receive a source of directcurrent. In one embodiment, said source of direct current can comprise apower output from an alternator. In one embodiment, said alternator canbe attached to an engine or generator. In another embodiment, saidsource of direct current can comprise battery 102. In one embodiment,water electrolyzer 100 can receive a pulsed direct circuit from battery102. In one embodiment, said pulsed direct circuit can pass through arelay switch 124. In one embodiment, relay switch 124 can control saidpulsed direct circuit and thereby trigger an on-off operation of waterelectrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, said pulsed direct circuit can beprotected by a fuse 126. In one embodiment, fuse 126 can prevent an overleap of electric current and thereby prevent damage to PWM 104. In oneembodiment, PWM 104 can comprise an advanced (brand) pulse widthmodulator unit. In one embodiment, fuse 126 can comprise a 15 amperagefuse. In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 can operate on 5-15amps.

In one embodiment, PWM 104 can comprise a “Pulse Width Modulator”. Inone embodiment, PWM 104 can comprise an electronic device betweenbattery 102 and water electrolyzer 100 capable of providing a pulsewidth modulated direct current electricity. In one embodiment, saidpulse width modulated direct current electricity can comprise a currentcomprising constant pulse width. In one embodiment, battery 102 and PWM104 can provide a source of pulse width modulated direct currentelectricity.

In one embodiment, battery 102 can comprise a positive terminal 103 aand a negative terminal 103 b. In one embodiment, PWM 104 can comprise apositive input terminal 105 a, a negative input terminal 105 b, apositive output terminal 105 c, and a negative output terminal 105 d. Inone embodiment, negative terminal 103 b of battery 102 can be attachedto negative input terminal 105 b of PWM 104. In one embodiment, positiveterminal 103 a can be attached to positive input terminal 105 a. The PWM104 receives a positive and negative charged direct current from battery102. In one embodiment, battery 102 can comprise a 12 volt source. Inone embodiment, PWM 104 can alter a frequency and a pulse width in saidpulsed direct circuit. In one embodiment, PWM 104 can keep an averagecurrent at a set point, independent of the supply voltage or load.Internal components of PWM 104 can include resistors, capacitors,transistors and other components. In one embodiment, said frequency isset between 50 Hertz to 80 Hertz. In one embodiment, said pulsed directcircuit is conducted by wire to water electrolyzer 100. In oneembodiment, positive output terminal 105 c of PWM 104 can attach topositive terminal 116.

In one embodiment, negative output terminal 105 d can attach to negativeterminal 118. In one embodiment, said pulsed direct circuit can comprisebattery 102 connected to PWM 104, and PWM 104 connected to waterelectrolyzer 100.

In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 can produce gases 110. In oneembodiment, gases 110 are fed through feed line 108 to air intake system112 of engine 114. In one embodiment, gases 110 can comprise a mixtureof hydrogen, oxygen and other elements. In one embodiment, gases 110 cancomprise oxyhydrogen (also known as “hydroxyl”), as discussed supra.

In many embodiments, modern internal combustion engines have a fuelmanagement system controlled by many sensors that relay information toan engine computer. Said fuel management systems can control operationalparameters, such as an air-to-fuel ratio, of engine 114. Said fuelmanagement systems can comprise a mass air flow sensor 128 and an oxygensensor 130. In one embodiment, mass air flow sensor 128 is connected toa micro electric device 132. In one embodiment, oxygen sensor 130 isconnected to a micro electric device 132. In one embodiment, items128-134 can be connected to an engine computer unit 136, as discussedinfra.

In one embodiment, said air-to-fuel ratio can comprise a mass ratio ofair and fuel present in engine 114. In one embodiment, said air-to-fuelratio can comprise a stoichemical mixture of 14.7 to 1. In oneembodiment, engine 114 can control a volume of air coming into airintake 112. The term “air” refers to the mixture of gases that surroundengine 114. Generally, air can comprise 79% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen.Traditionally, air is provided to engine 114 through air intake 112, andengine 114 burns hydrocarbon fuel within air.

In one embodiment, engine 114 can regulate said stoichemical mixture inorder to balance for optimum efficiencies and performance. For example,in one embodiment, micro electric device 132 can monitor mass air flowsensor 128 to ensure a proper amount of air is provided to air intake112 to ensure engine 114 has said stoichemical mixture. In oneembodiment, said stoichemical mixture is the working point that modernmanagement systems use to control fuel usage. For example, in oneembodiment, Otto cycle engines (spark plug non diesel) can comprise saidstoichemical mixture of air-to-fuel ratio is 14.7 to 1. In oneembodiment, a mixture less than 14.7 to 1 comprises a “rich mixture” anda mixture greater than 14.7 to 1 comprises a “lean mixture.”

In one embodiment, adding said gases 110 into air intake system 112,greater efficiencies of combustion can be achieved by engine 114. In oneembodiment, adding gases 110 (such as oxyhydrogen) to air intake 112said stoichemical mixture can be altered. In one embodiment, addinggases 110 to air intake 112 can increase said air-to-fuel ratio andthereby create said lean mixture. When the gas mixture is added to anair intake system of an internal combustion engine, a combustionefficiency can be increased resulting in reduced usage of hydrocarbonfuel and reduced exhaust emissions of greenhouse gases.

Changing said stoichemical mixture can cause issues within manyembodiments of engine 114. In many embodiments, engine 114 can comprisean engine computer unit 136 comprising a data connection with microelectric device 132 and/or micro electric sensor controller 134. In oneembodiment, engine computer unit 136 can control said stoichemicalmixture by monitoring mass air flow sensor 128 and/or oxygen sensor 130and altering a volume of air coming into air intake 112. In oneembodiment, oxygen sensor 130 can measure an amount of oxygen (and otherchemicals) present in exhaust system 115. In one embodiment, oxygensensor 130 can produce a signal 138 between 0.0-1.0 volts representing arange of oxygen output readings. In one embodiment, where saidstoichemical mixture is optimum, oxygen sensor 130 can produce signal138 of 500 millivolts. In one embodiment, where signal 138 falls below500 millivolts, said stoichemical mixture can be interpreted as beingsaid lean mixture. Likewise, in one embodiment, where signal 138 readsabove 500 millivolts, said stoichemical mixture can be interpreted asbeing said rich mixture. In one embodiment, where oxygen sensor 130reads as said lean mixture, engine computer unit 136 can be programed toreact by increasing a fuel injection process within said engine 114 inorder to said stoichemical mixture. In so doing, an increase in saidfuel injection process can cause engine 114 to use more fuel (such asgasoline and/or diesel) and thereby drop in efficiency. A problemarises, therefore, where introducing gases 110 into engine 114 cancauses oxygen sensor 130 to read said lean mixture.

In one embodiment, said water electrolyzer system and water electrolysismethod for internal combustion engines can comprise modifying one ormore signals from oxygen sensor 130 and/or mass air flow sensor 128 toindicate a balanced stoichemical mixture in exhaust system 115 when anoriginal signal indicates a lean mixture. That is, in one embodiment,said water electrolyzer system and water electrolysis method forinternal combustion engines can comprise ensuring that said engine 114does not run inefficiently when gases 110 are added into air intake 112.Accordingly, in one embodiment, signal 138 from oxygen sensor 130 can bemodified by installing an electronic fuel injection enhancer 140 betweenoxygen sensor 130 and engine computer unit 136. In one embodiment,electronic fuel injection enhancer 140 can comprise a digital devicecapable of modifying said signal 138 such that engine computer unit 136does not alter said fuel injection process. For example, in oneembodiment, electronic fuel injection enhancer 140 can reduce signal 138from 500 millivolts to 350 millivolts. In one embodiment, reducingsignal 138 can cause engine 114 to run in said lean mixture which canaccommodate the introduction of gases 110 (such as oxyhydrogen) intoengine 114.

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective front overview of water electrolyzer100 with cooling system 106. In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100can comprise a nonconductive material.

In one embodiment, said nonconductive material can comprise seamlesspolyethylene construction. In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 cancomprise a casing 200 and a hand hole cover 202. In one embodiment,casing 200 can comprise an air sealed housing releaseably sealed withhand hole cover 202. Water electrolyzer 100 can comprise a top 204, aside portion 206 and a bottom 208.

In one embodiment, hand hole cover 202 can comprise a removable gasketcapable of attaching to an aperture 210 in top 204 of water electrolyzer100. In one embodiment, hand hole cover 202 can be removed from waterelectrolyzer 100 to expose an interior portion 212 (illustrated infra)of water electrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, interior portion 212 canbe accessed through aperture 210 when hand hole cover 202 is removed. Inone embodiment, hand hole cover 202 can comprise a handle 214. In oneembodiment, hand hole cover 202 can attach to casing 200 by a threadingby screwing hand hole cover 202 into casing 200 or by tension by wedginghand hole cover 202 into casing 200.

In one embodiment, hand hole cover 202 can comprise a cap assembly 218.In one embodiment, cap assembly 218 can be in fluid connection withinterior portion 212 of water electrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, capassembly 218 can comprise a cap 219. In one embodiment, cap 219 canclose cap assembly 218 and thereby keep said fluid connection withinterior portion 212 closed. In one embodiment, hand hole cover 202 cancomprise an outlet fitting 220. In one embodiment, outlet fitting 220can be in fluid connection with interior portion 212 of gases 110. Inone embodiment, feed line 108 can connect to outlet fitting 220. In oneembodiment, water electrolyzer 100, air intake system 112 and engine 114can be in fluid connection through outlet fitting 220 and feed line 108.

In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 can comprise a first fitting222 and a second fitting 224. In one embodiment, cooling system 106 cancomprise a first tubing 226 and a second tubing 228. In one embodiment,second fitting 224 can be in said side portion 206 near bottom 208 ofwater electrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, first fitting 222 can be intop 204 of water electrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, first tubing 226can attach to first fitting 222. In one embodiment, second tubing 228can attach to second fitting 224. In one embodiment, cooling system 106can comprise a closed loop system capable of circulating a portion ofreservoir of water 302 from within interior portion 212 through coolingsystem 106 and back into interior portion 212. In one embodiment, watercan pass through second fitting 224, through second tubing 228, throughcooling system 106, through first tubing 226 and into first fitting 222.In one embodiment, a domed liquid level sight (not illustrated) andsensor 120 can be provided for maintenance of water electrolyzer 100.

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a perspective side cross-section view and anelevated side cross-section view of water electrolyzer 100 showinginterior portion 212 and one or more electrode cells 300. In oneembodiment, electrode cells 300 can be installed within a reservoir ofwater 302 within water electrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, reservoir ofwater 302 can comprise a water surface 304. In one embodiment, reservoirof water 302 can comprise an electrolyte 306. In one embodiment,interior portion 212 can comprise a headspace 308 above water surface304. In one embodiment, gases 110 can collect in headspace 308. In oneembodiment, reservoir of water 302 can comprise a height 309 a andheadspace 308 can comprise a height 309 b. In one embodiment, height 309a can comprise 80% of interior portion 212.

In one embodiment, an amount of hydrogen and oxygen gas produced bywater electrolyzer 100 can be proportionally correlated to thecapacitance of electrolyte 306. In one embodiment, electrolyte 306 cancomprise a distilled water. In one embodiment, distilled water comprisesa proper material selection for electrolyte 306 since distilled watercan be capable of controlling an electrical current.

In one embodiment, hand hole cover 202 can be removed from waterelectrolyzer 100 to access electrode cells 300. In one embodiment,electrode cells 300 can be installed by removing hand hole cover 202,inserting electrode cells 300 through aperture 210 and into waterelectrolyzer 100, attaching electrode cells 300 to a bottom portion 310of interior portion 212 of water electrolyzer 100.

In one embodiment, cap assembly 218 can be opened to remove or add waterto reservoir of water 302, electrolyte 306, gases 110 or other materialsas necessary. In one embodiment, gases 110 can travel through outletfitting 220 and feed line 108 to air intake system 112, as discussedsupra.

In one embodiment, a byproduct of the electrolysis process can comprisean excessive increase of temperature within water electrolyzer 100. Inone embodiment, said water electrolyzer system and water electrolysismethod for internal combustion engines can require said temperature ofreservoir of water 302 to remain within a temperature control rangebetween 42-150 degrees Fahrenheit. In one embodiment, cooling system 106can be used to maintain said temperature control range by circulating aportion of reservoir of water 302 through cooling system 106. In oneembodiment, cooling system 106 can comprise a recirculation pump,radiator, and cooling fan. In one embodiment, an additional reservoircan be used for descaling solution for cleaning said electrode cells300. In one embodiment, cooling system 106 can communicate with sensor120 and controller 122 to regulate said temperature control range byreporting a temperature reading from within water electrolyzer 100 tocooling system 106 and engaging cooling system 106 to regulate saidtemperature control range. In one embodiment, controller 122 can shut ofrelay switch 124 if temperature exceeds said temperature control range.

In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 can comprise one or more lines311 comprising one or more positive lines 312 and one or more negativelines 314. In one embodiment, positive lines 312 can connect positiveterminal 116 to a portion of electrode cells 300, and negative lines 314can connect negative terminal 118 to a portion of electrode cells 300,as discussed infra. In one embodiment, positive lines 312 and negativelines 314 can connect to cell 300 in series or in parallelconfigurations. In one embodiment, positive lines 312 and negative lines314 can comprise a stranded copper wire. In one embodiment, positivelines 312 and negative lines 314 can comprise a 12 gauge wire.

In one embodiment, positive terminal 116 and negative terminal 118 caneach comprise a portion which extends outside of water electrolyzer 100and a portion which extends into said interior portion 212 of waterelectrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, positive current 117 and negativecurrent 119 can each connect to said portion which extends outside ofwater electrolyzer 100 of positive terminal 116 and negative terminal118, respectively. In one embodiment, positive lines 312 and negativelines 314 can each connect to said portion which extends into saidinterior portion 212 of water electrolyzer 100 of positive terminal 116and negative terminal 118, respectively.

In one embodiment, water electrolyzer 100 is capable of regulating awater temperature of reservoir of water 302. In one embodiment, wheresaid water temperature gets too hot, water electrolyzer 100 can producea steam. In one embodiment, said steam is not a preferred byproduct ofwater electrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, controller 122 can engagesaid cooling system 106 to cool said reservoir of water 302. In oneembodiment, controller 122 can engage cooling system 106 when sensor 120measures said water temperature above a threshold level.

In one embodiment, electrode cells 300 can be separated by one or moreblocks 318. In one embodiment, blocks 318 can comprise a nonconductivematerial (such as nylon). In one embodiment, blocks 318 can supportelectrode cells 300.

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C illustrate a perspective front view, perspectiverear view and elevated top view of electrode cells 300. As shown inFIGS. 3A-4C, electrode cells 300 can comprise three electrode cells;however, electrode cells 300 there is no theoretical limit to the numberof electrode cells 300 that can be used within water electrolyzer 100.For purposes of this disclosure, three are used to illustrate use andfunctionality of water electrolyzer 100. In one embodiment, electrodecells 300 can comprise a first electrode cell 300 a, a second electrodecell 300 b and a third electrode cell 300 c. Each of electrode cells 300can comprise a front portion 401 a and a back portion 401 b. In oneembodiment, each of electrode cells 300 can comprise one or more spacers402, a first plate 404 and a second plate 406. In one embodiment, firstplate 404 and second plate 406 can be attached on opposing sides ofspacer 402. In one embodiment, first plate 404 and second plate 406 canbe parallel to one another. In one embodiment, spacers 402 can comprisea non-conductive material. In one embodiment, spacers 402 can comprise athickness 407. In one embodiment, thickness 407 can comprise an eighthof an inch (⅛″). In one embodiment, thickness 407 can comprise asixteenth of an inch ( 1/16″). In one embodiment, as thickness 407 inincreased, a larger amount of current is necessary for cell 300 tofunction. However, in one embodiment, as thickness 407 is decreased saidelectrodes of cell 300 are more likely to touch and thereby short cell300. Thus, in one embodiment, thickness 407 can be large enough tofacilitate a minimal amount of current without said electrodes touching.

In one embodiment, a plurality of cells 300 can be arranged in with aspacing 408 between them. In one embodiment, spacing 408 can compriseone inch (1″).

FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective exploded side view of one of electrodecells 300. Spacers 402 can comprise a spacer 402 a, a spacer 402 b, aspacer 402 c and a spacer 402 d. In one embodiment, spacers 402 can bearranged around one or more corner portions of electrode cells 300. Inone embodiment, spacers 402 can comprise a plurality of spacers 402capable of holding first plate 404 and second plate 406 apart. In oneembodiment, first plate 404 and second plate 406 can attach to spacers402 with an adhesive. In another embodiment, first plate 404 and secondplate 406 can be held together and around spacer 402 by wrapping anonconductive strap around electrode cells 300. In one embodiment,positive lines 312 can attach to first plate 404 by clipping a portionof positive lines 312 to first plate 404 with a first clip 502.Likewise, in one embodiment, negative lines 314 can attach to secondplate 406 by clipping a portion of negative lines 314 to second plate406 with a second clip 504. In one embodiment, first clip 502 cancomprise a material similar to first plate 404. Likewise, in oneembodiment, second clip 504 can comprise a material similar to secondplate 406.

FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective exploded side view of one of electrodecells 300 with an epoxy coating 506 on first clip 502 and second clip504. In one embodiment, epoxy coating 506 can comprise a sealant. In oneembodiment, epoxy coating 506 can comprise a material capable ofpreventing electric current contact with electrolyte 306. In oneembodiment, a first portion of epoxy coating 506 coats a portion ofpositive lines 312 at first plate 404. In one embodiment, a secondportion of epoxy coating 506 coats a portion of negative lines 314 atsecond plate 406.

In one embodiment, first clip 502 and second clip 504 can each becovered with epoxy coating 506 to prevent current from flowing throughfirst clip 502 or second clip 504 between first plate 404 and secondplate 406. In one embodiment, epoxy coating 506 can comprise awaterproof epoxy sealant. In one embodiment, said waterproof epoxysealant can prevent an electrical contact with reservoir of water 302 orelectrolyte 306.

In one embodiment, first plate 404 can comprise a positive charge. Inone embodiment, first plate 404 can comprise a cathode. In oneembodiment, second plate 406 can comprise a negative charge. In oneembodiment, second plate 406 can comprise an anode. In one embodiment,first plate 404 can comprise a metal plate. In one embodiment, firstplate 404 said metal plate can comprise titanium (Ti). In oneembodiment, first plate 404 said metal plate can comprise a materialchosen from the refractory group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hfand Ta and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, said metal plate cancomprise a coating. In one embodiment, said coating can comprise aruthenium (Ru) material. In one embodiment, said coating can comprise amaterial from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Lr, Pi, Ag, Au andcombinations thereof. In one embodiment, said coating can comprise anoble metal. In one embodiment, second plate 406 can comprise a plateconsisting of either graphite material or stainless steel. In oneembodiment, first plate 404 and second plate 406 can be arranged inparallel with said spacers 402 between one another.

Various changes in the details of the illustrated operational methodsare possible without departing from the scope of the following claims.Some embodiments may combine the activities described herein as beingseparate steps. Similarly, one or more of the described steps may beomitted, depending upon the specific operational environment the methodis being implemented in. It is to be understood that the abovedescription is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Forexample, the above-described embodiments may be used in combination witheach other. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill inthe art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the inventionshould, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims,along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims areentitled. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which”are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms“comprising” and “wherein.”

1. A water electrolyzer comprising: a casing, a reservoir of water, oneor more electrode cells, a source of pulse width modulated directcurrent electricity, a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and acooling system; wherein, said casing holds said reservoir of water andsaid one or more cells, said electrode cells are submerged in saidreservoir of water, said reservoir of water comprises an electrolyte,said source of pulse width modulated direct current electricitycomprises a positive current and a negative current, said source ofpulse width modulated direct current electricity attaches to said waterelectrolyzer by attaching said positive current to said positiveterminal and said negative current to said negative terminal of saidwater electrolyzer, said electrode cells each comprise a cathode and ananode, said cathode comprises a positive charge, said cathode comprisesa titanium (Ti) metal plate comprising a ruthenium (Ru) coating, saidcathode and said anode are arranged parallel to one another with one ormore spacers between them, said one or more spacers are nonconductive,said positive terminal of said water electrolyzer attaches to saidcathodes of said electrode cells with one or more positive lines, saidnegative terminal of said water electrolyzer attaches to said anodes ofsaid electrode cells with one or more negative lines, said coolingsystem is capable of cooling said reservoir of water, said waterelectrolyzer produces one or more gases, said water electrolyzer is influid connection with an engine, said water electrolyzer is capable ofdelivering said gases to said engine, and an inlet and an outlet in saidcasing; further wherein, a portion of said reservoir of water is capableof circulating through said cooling system; and, said cooling systemcomprises a circulation pump, heat exchanger and a cooling fan.
 2. Awater electrolyzer comprising: a casing, a reservoir of water, one ormore electrode cells, a source of pulse width modulated direct currentelectricity, a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a coolingsystem; wherein, said casing holds said reservoir of water and said oneor more cells, said electrode cells are submerged in said reservoir ofwater, said source of pulse width modulated direct current electricitycomprises a positive current and a negative current, said source ofpulse width modulated direct current electricity attaches to said waterelectrolyzer by attaching said positive current to said positiveterminal and said negative current to said negative terminal of saidwater electrolyzer, said electrode cells each comprise a cathode and ananode, said cathode and said anode comprise different materials, saidpositive terminal of said water electrolyzer attaches to said cathodesof said electrode cells with one or more positive lines, said negativeterminal of said water electrolyzer attaches to said anodes of saidelectrode cells with one or more negative lines, said cooling system iscapable of cooling said reservoir of water, said water electrolyzerproduces one or more gases, said water electrolyzer is in fluidconnection with an engine, and said water electrolyzer is capable ofdelivering said gases to said engine.
 3. The water electrolyzer of claim2 wherein said source of pulse width modulated direct currentelectricity comprises a positive output terminal and negative outputterminal of a pulse width modulator; wherein said pulse width modulatoris attached to a source of direct current.
 4. The water electrolyzer ofclaim 3 wherein said source of direct current can comprise a battery. 5.The water electrolyzer of claim 2 wherein said water electrolyzercomprises a casing and said casing comprises a nonconductive airtightvessel.
 6. The water electrolyzer of claim 2 further comprising an inletand an outlet in said casing; wherein, a portion of said reservoir ofwater is capable of circulating through said cooling system; and, saidcooling system comprises a circulation pump, heat exchanger and acooling fan.
 7. The water electrolyzer of claim 2 further comprising asensor and a controller; wherein, said sensor is capable of measuring aninternal temperature of said water electrolyzer and reporting saidinternal temperature to said controller; and said controller is capableof comparing said internal temperature to a temperature control rangeand cutting off said source of direct current electricity from saidwater electrolyzer if said internal temperature is outside of saidtemperature control range.
 8. The water electrolyzer of claim 2 whereinsaid cathode comprises a metal plate having a positive charge, and saidcathode comprises titanium (Ti) material.
 9. The water electrolyzer ofclaim 8 wherein said metal plate comprises a coating and said coatingcomprises a ruthenium (Ru) material.
 10. The water electrolyzer of claim2 wherein said cathode comprises a metal plate having a positive charge;said metal plate comprises a material chosen from a refractory groupconsisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta and combinations thereof;and said metal plate comprises a coating comprising a material from agroup consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Lr, Pi, Ag, Au and combinationsthereof
 11. The water electrolyzer of claim 2 wherein said anodecomprises a plate comprising a material chosen from a group consistingof graphite and stainless steel.
 12. The water electrolyzer of claim 2further comprising a sealant; wherein, said sealant is capable ofpreventing electric current contact with electrolyte; a first portion ofsaid sealant coats said positive lines at said positive terminal of saidelectrode cells; and a second portion of said sealant coats saidnegative lines at said negative terminal said electrode cells.
 13. Thewater electrolyzer of claim 12 wherein said sealant comprises an epoxycoating.
 14. The water electrolyzer of claim 2 further comprising one ormore spacers; wherein, said cathode and said anode are arranged parallelto one another with said spacers between them, and said spacers arenonconductive.
 15. The water electrolyzer of claim 2 wherein saidelectrode cells comprise one or more cells arranged parallel to oneanother and within said water electrolyzer.
 16. The water electrolyzerof claim 2 wherein said reservoir of water comprises an electrolyte. 17.The water electrolyzer of claim 16 wherein said electrolyte comprises adistilled water.
 18. A water electrolysis method comprising: submergingone or more electrode cells in a reservoir of water within a waterelectrolyzer; applying a source of pulse width modulated direct currentelectricity to said electrode cells; generating one or more gases withinsaid water electrolyzer; attaching said water electrolyzer to an enginewith a fluid connection; feeding said gases from said water electrolyzerinto said engine; and, regulating a temperature of said reservoir ofwater with a cooling system; wherein, said water electrolyzer comprisesa casing, said casing comprises an airtight vessel, said waterelectrolyzer comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, saidreservoir of water comprises an electrolyte, said source of pulse widthmodulated direct current electricity comprises a positive current and anegative current, said source of pulse width modulated direct currentelectricity attaches to said water electrolyzer by attaching saidpositive current to said positive terminal and said negative current tosaid negative terminal of said water electrolyzer, said electrode cellseach comprise a cathode and an anode, said positive terminal of saidwater electrolyzer attaches to said cathodes of said electrode cellswith one or more positive lines, said negative terminal of said waterelectrolyzer attaches to said anodes of said electrode cells with one ormore negative lines, said cathode and said anode comprise differentmaterials, said cathode and said anode are held apart by one or morespacers, and said spacers comprise a nonconductive material.
 19. Thewater electrolysis method of claim 18 wherein said source of pulse widthmodulated direct current electricity comprises a positive outputterminal and negative output terminal of a pulse width modulator andsaid pulse width modulator is attached to a source of direct current.20. The water electrolysis method of claim 18 further comprising:modifying one or more signals from an oxygen sensor of said engine toindicate a balanced stoichemical mixture in an exhaust system of saidengine when an original signal indicates a lean mixture.